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Nhân Quyền

The Vietnamese Newspaper

Defend the Defenders’ Latest Statistics: Vietnam Holds 276 Prisoners of Conscience

Defend the Defenders, Press Release, July 3, 2020

For immediate release

According to Defend the Defenders’ statistics, as of June 30, 2020, Vietnam’s communist regime is holding at least 276 prisoners of conscience in prisons or other forms of detention. The number does not include Mr. Ngo Hao (m) who is in sentence suspension for medical treatment and Nguyen Trung Linh (m) and Le Anh Hung (m) who are forcibly committed in mental hospitals without judicial process. The list includes female activist Huynh Thuc Vy who is convicted and sentenced but under house arrest in maternal period, American citizen Michael Minh Phuong Nguyen (m) convicted of conducting “attempts to overthrow the government” under Article 109 of the country’s 2015 Criminal Code, and Australian citizen Chau Van Kham (m) found guilty of terrorism under Article 113 of the code.

Thirty-five of the prisoners of conscience identified by Defend the Defenders are women human rights defenders (WHRDs).

In total, 206 people, or 74.6% of the list, are ethnic Kinh. The second-largest ethnic grouping on the list is Montagnards, a loose set of religious and ethnic minorities who live in the mountains of the Central Highlands. They account for 62 people or 22.5% of those on the list. Six from Hmong and two on the list are Khmer Krom.

Bloggers, lawyers, unionists, land rights activists, political dissidents, and followers of non-registered minority religions have been arrested and detained for peacefully exercising their internationally and constitutionally protected rights, principally the right to freedom of expression, freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of religion or belief. The list does not include individuals who have engaged in or advocated violence.

Vietnam still holds 63 activists in pre-trial detention, 16 of them were arrested in 2018-2019 and the remaining 47 were arrested in 2020. Among them is prominent independent journalist Pham Chi Dung (m), who is the president of the unregistered Independent Journalists Association of Vietnam (IJAVN) and its Vice President Nguyen Tuong Thuy (m) and well-known political blogger Pham Chi Thanh (aka Pham Thanh- m).

The above includes 213 who have been convicted – mostly of political crimes under Articles 79, 87 and 88 of the1999 Penal Code or Article 109, 117 and 331 in the 2015 Criminal Code:

– 49 activists convicted or charged with subversion (Article 79 of 1999 Penal Code or Article 109 in the 2015 Criminal Code);

– 35 activists convicted and 13 charged with anti-state propaganda (Article 88 of the 1999 Penal Code or Article 117 of the 2015 Criminal Code);

– 56 people from ethnic minorities were convicted of undermining the national unity policy (Article 87 of the 1999 Penal Code or 116 of the 2015 Criminal Code);

– 15 activists were convicted or charged with “abusing democratic freedom” (Article 258 of the 1999 Penal Code or Article 331 of the 2015 Criminal Code);

– 13 activists were charged with “disruption of security” under Article 118 of the 2015 Criminal Code;

– 48 individuals were convicted of or charged with “disrupting public orders” (under Article 245 of the 1999 Penal Code or Article 318 of the 2015 Criminal Code) for their peaceful activities. Thirty-five of them were imprisoned for participating or being suspected of planning to participate in the mass demonstrations in mid-June 2018 and their aftermath;

– Three activists Chau Van Kham (male, Vietnamese Australian), Nguyen Van Vien (m), and Tran Van Quyen (m) were convicted of “terrorism” under Article 113 of the 2015 Criminal Code.

– The charges for 13 individuals are unknown, including three Montagaards followers of the Ha Mon sect arrested on March 19 this year.

Background

After arresting more than 40 activists and bloggers and convicting around 40 political dissidents last year, Vietnam’s communist regime continues its crackdown on local political dissidents and social activists in a bid to ensure “social stability” while the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam prepares for its 13th National Congress scheduled for January 2021.

After Vietnam’s government and the European Union signed the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) in Hanoi in late June 2019, the European Parliament ratified the pact in February this year although a number of international and Vietnamese rights and professional groups, including Defend the Defenders, urged its members to carefully consider and not rush to adopt the agreement before Vietnam’s communist regime shows concrete improvements in human right in the country.

In the early days of the year, the Covid-19 pandemic broke in China and around the world, causing millions of infections and more than 500,000 deaths worldwide. In many countries, including Vietnam, people have been requested to keep social distance while businesses and administrative agencies have been closed at certain times, and some localities have been placed under lockdown for long periods.

In order to take full control of media regarding Coronavirus, Vietnam’s communist regime has been tightening supervision of the state-controlled media and launched a crackdown on social networks, especially Facebook which has around 60 million active daily users in Vietnam. In January-April, authorities in a number of cities and provinces interrogated hundreds of local Facebookers for their posts regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the Ministry of Public Security, more than 300 Facebookers were punished with administrative fines of between VND7.5 million ($320) and VND15 million by mid-March and the number of harassed and intimidated Facebookers increased after that.

In early January, the Ministry of Public Security sent thousands of riot policemen to Dong Tam commune, My Duc district, Hanoi where land disputes have not been settled since 2017. In the early hours of January 9, police attacked the private residence of 84-year-old community leader Le Dinh Kinh, killing him, and arresting more than 30 of his relatives and neighbors. Police have accused 25 of them of causing the death of three police officers during the raid. Four of them have been forced to make confessions which were aired on Vietnam’s central television channel VTV four days later. Their coerced confessions were detailed, together with 12 other cases in Coerced on Camera: Vietnam’s Televised Forced Confessions, a report by human rights organization Safeguard Defenders, the first of its kind report regarding Vietnamese police’s treatment against detainees.

As the US, the EU and other countries are focusing on their own problems caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, Vietnam’s communist regime seems to use the opportunity to intensify its crackdown on local dissent without being criticized by the international community. The persecution has peaked in recent months with the arrests of a dozen of activists and charge them with controversial articles of the national security provisions in Criminal Code.

Arrest in January-June 2020

Between January 1 and June 30, Vietnam arrested 21 activists and 29 land petitioners in Dong Tam commune. As many as 12 activists were charged with “conducting anti-state propaganda” under Article 117 of the Criminal Code for their writings and giving interviews to foreign media as well as reporting human rights violations to foreign diplomats.

Among detainees are two members of the unregistered professional group Independent Journalists Association of Vietnam (IJAVN) Vice President Nguyen Tuong Thuy (m) and Le Huu Minh Tuan (m), well-known blogger Pham Chi Thanh (penname Pham Thanh), as well as environmentalist Dinh Thi Thu Thuy (f) from the Mekong Delta province of Hau Giang. Mr. Thuy, 68, and Mr. Tuan, 31, are being investigated in the same case of “conducting anti-state propaganda” with IJAVN’s President Pham Chi Dung (m), who was arrested in November last year. Pham Chi Dung’s arrest was in part reprisal for his advocacy with the European Union to postpone the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement.

On June 24, Vietnam’s security forces detained six human rights defenders under Article 117, including former prisoner of conscience Can Thi Theu (f) and her two sons Trinh Ba Phuong and Trinh Ba Tu as well as their neighbor Nguyen Thi Tam (female Facebooker Tam Duong Noi) for their support of Dong Tam land petitioners. Chung Hoang Chuong (m), who also covered news on the police massacre in Dong Tam in early January was also arrested and charged with “abusing democratic freedom” under Article 331 of the Criminal Code.

Police also arrested veteran communist army officer Tran Duc Thach (m)- a member of the unsanctioned group Brotherhood for Democracy, and charged the 68-year-old activist with subversion under Article 109 of the Criminal Code.

Meanwhile, Facebooker Ma Phung Ngoc Phu (f) was arrested and charged with the same allegation under Article 331 for disseminating news on the Coronavirus outbreak in the Mekong Delta’s economic hub of Can Tho.

Three Montagnards followers of Ha Mon sect named Ju, Lup, and Kunh, all male, were arrested on March 19 after eight years in hiding. They may be charged with “undermining the national unity policy” with lengthy imprisonment if they are convicted.

Convictions in January-June

In the first half of 2020, Vietnam’s communist regime was planning to carry out the first-instance hearing against eight members of the unregistered group Hiến Pháp (Constitution) named Tran Thi Ngoc Hanh (f), Hoang Thi Thu Vang (f), Ngo Van Dung (m), Doan Thi Hong (f), Tran Thanh Phuong (m), Le Quy Loc (m), Do The Hoa (m) and Ho Van Cuong (m) who were arrested in early September 2018 and charged with “disruption of security” under Article 118 of the Penal Code. However, the trial was suspended due to the spread of COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City. After the removal of lockdown, the trial has not been re-scheduled for unknown reasons.

However, the communist regime still convicted six activists to a total 18 years in prison and three years of probation. Nguyen Van Nghiem (m) and Phan Cong Hai (m) were sentenced to six and five years in prison respectively for “conducting anti-state propaganda” for their Facebook posts while Chung Hoang Chuong (m) and Ma Phung Ngoc Phu (f) were sentenced to 18 months and nine months in jail after being convicted of “abusing democratic freedom” under Article 331 also for their Facebook postings. The remaining two convicted are Dang Thi Hue (m) and Bui Manh Tien (m) for their anti-corruption efforts against illegal collection of road fees by BOT toll-booth facilities which are likely supported by senior officials of the regime. The duo was sentenced to 42 and 15 months in prison by the People’s Court of Son Son district in early May.

The Higher People’s Court in Hanoi has upheld on appeal the sentences of 11 years in prison and five years of probation given to human rights defender Nguyen Nang Tinh (m) on the charge of “conducting anti-state propaganda” by the People’s Court of Nghe An province in the first-instance hearing in mid-November last year.

Authorities in the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong plan to hold the first-instance hearing on July 7 to try local Facebooker Nguyen Quoc Duc Vuong (m) on the charge of “conducting anti-state propaganda” for his online activities.

Authorities in the capital city of Hanoi are going to hold the trial against 29 land petitioners from Dong Tam who were arrested during the police attack to the commune on January 9 this year. As many as 25 of them were accused of murdering three police officers. In their investigation conclusion, the Hanoi police said the three police officers were burned by gasoline by the villagers without providing specific evidence surrounding their deaths or publicizing unfounded stories about the circumstances in which they had been murdered. The four remaining were accused of “resisting on-duty state officials.” A number of land petitioners are at risk of capital punishment while others will likely be sentenced to heavy imprisonment as the communist regime has not tolerated any opposition from the land petitioners who took around 40 police officers in hostage in 2017 when they were deployed to the commune to settle land disputes. There has been no independent investigation into the incidents surrounding the deaths of the police officers nor broader human rights concerns, including the extrajudicial killing of community leader Le Dinh Kinh.

Mistreatment in prison

Vietnam’s Ministry of Public Security continues its policy to keep prisoners, especially prisoners of conscience, under hard living conditions in a bid to punish them for their non-violent activities but harmful for the communist regime and break their mental strength. Along with sending prisoners of conscience to prisons far from their families, it allows authorities in prisons to apply other psychological measures to make the life of jailed activists harder, such as denying them of their rights to regular meetings with their families, receiving additional food and medicines from their relatives, or forcing them to work hard without proper protective equipment. It also puts added psychological and financial trauma on the family members.

In mid-April, police reportedly assaulted prisoners of conscience Ngo Van Dung (m) and Le Quy Loc (m), who were kept in Phan Dang Luu temporary detention facility under the authority of Ho Chi Minh City Police Department. Due to the severe injuries caused by the attacks, the two were hospitalized for treatment for a week. After that, Mr. Loc was returned to the facility while Mr. Dung was transferred to Chi Hoa temporary detention facility also under the authority of the city’s police.

In early January, authorities in Ba Sao Prison camp in the northern province of Ha Nam held Phan Kim Khanh (m) and Nguyen Viet Dung (m) in solitary confinement cells for weeks in revenge for their protest against inhumane treatment in prison. The United Nations Human Rights Council and Special Rapporteur on Torture hold that prolonged solitary confinement constitutes torture.

Detained activist Doan Thi Hong (f) told her family that she was held in severe living conditions in a temporary detention facility under the authority of Ho Chi Minh City’s Police Department during the investigation period as well as during pre-trial detention. Hong, a single mother, was arrested in early September 2018 when her daughter was less than three years old, was charged with “disruption of security” and faces imprisonment of between three and seven years if she is convicted.

The family of human rights activist Nguyen Van Duc Do reported that authorities in Xuan Loc prison camp in the southern province of Dong Nai beat him and served him food mixed with human waste. He was reportedly tortured by prison guards after he requested time on weekends to sunbathe.

In recent months, as COVID-19 is spreading across the nation, authorities in Vietnam’s prison camps and temporary detention facilities have not allowed the families and relatives of prisoners of conscience to meet them or provide them with additional food and medicine, as well as other essential items. Given the low-quality of food, health and hygiene concerns in prisons, the lives of prisoners of conscience are often under serious threat.

On March 24, CIVICUS, a South Africa-based global alliance of civil society organizations and activists dedicated to strengthening citizen action and civil society throughout the world, issued a press release calling on authoritarian regimes, including Vietnam, to “Release all human rights defenders and political prisoners who were imprisoned for their human rights activities, or for expressing views contrary to those of the state” as COVID-19 is spreading fast globally.

One day later, on March 25, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet called on governments to take urgent action to protect the health and safety of people in detention and other closed facilities, as part of overall efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.

“In many countries, detention facilities are overcrowded, in some cases dangerously so. People are often held in unhygienic conditions and health services are inadequate or even non-existent. Physical distancing and self-isolation in such conditions are practically impossible,” she said in the press release.

“Governments are facing huge demands on resources in this crisis and are having to make difficult decisions. But I urge them not to forget those behind bars, or those confined in places such as closed mental health facilities, nursing homes, and orphanages because the consequences of neglecting them are potentially catastrophic,” the High Commissioner said.

“Now, more than ever, governments should release every person detained without sufficient legal basis, including political prisoners and others detained simply for expressing critical or dissenting views,” Bachelet stressed.

So far, Vietnam’s regime has only suspended the imprisonment of Ngo Hao (m) to allow him to return home for medical treatment. The 72-year-old activist, who was arrested in 2013 and sentenced to 15 years on the charge of subversion, is suffering from severe diseases due to bad living conditions and lacks proper medical treatment in prison.

Along with persecuting prisoners of conscience, authorities in some localities also harass their families. In late June, authorities in Quang Xuong district, Thanh Hoa province placed the family of prisoner of conscience Nguyen Trung Ton (m) under house arrest to prevent them from contacting the US Ambassador when he visited the locality. Plainclothes agents caused trouble for his wife while she was selling groceries in a local wet market and attacked his son when he tried to go out to protect her. Due to the police blockade, the son failed to go to an interview for a new job.

Release from prison in January-June

In late February, Christian Montagnard Y Ngun Knul (m) was released after spending the last 16 years in prison. He was arrested in 2004 and later sentenced to 18 years in prison on the charge of “undermining the unity policy.” He had a number of health problems as a result of long inhumane treatment in different prisons and died a few months after being released.

There 12 other prisoners of conscience whose imprisonment terms ended between April and June but Defend the Defenders has no information which would confirm their release. However, Defend the Defenders still excludes their names from this list.

Defend the Defenders is concerned that authorities in Hanoi are keeping two activists Nguyen Trung Linh and Le Anh Hung in a local mental facility after investigating them on the respective allegations of “conducting anti-state propaganda” and “abusing democratic freedom” for months, over a year in the case of Le Anh Hung, without any judicial process. The two activists were subjected to forced medication, which constitutes torture under international law.

=============

The term “prisoner of conscience” (POC) was coined by Peter Benenson in the 1960s. It refers to any individual “imprisoned for his/her political, religious or conscientiously held beliefs, ethnic origin, sex, color, language, national or social origin, economic status, birth, sexual orientation or another status who have not used violence or advocated violence or hatred.”

Defend the Defenders is Vietnam’s independent non-profit organization working to promote human and civil rights in the Southeast Asian nation. It has a network of dozens of human rights defenders across the nation who report human rights abuse in their areas.

Appendix: List of prisoners of conscience as of June 30, 2020

No.NamesDoBArrest dateChargeSentence (years)Detention facilities
1Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Thuý (f)197624-Jun-20117Pre-trial detentionKhanh Hoa temporary detention center
2Vũ Tiến Chi196624-Jun-20117Pre-trial detentionLam Dong province’s temporary detention center
3Trịnh Bá Tư198924-Jun-20117Pre-trial detentionHoa Binh temporary detention center
4Trịnh Bá Phương198524-Jun-20117Pre-trial detentionHanoi temporary detention center
5Nguyễn Thị Tâm (f)197224-Jun-20117Pre-trial detentionHanoi temporary detention center
6Cấn Thị Thêu (f)196224-Jun-20117Pre-trial detentionHoa Binh temporary detention center
7Phan Thị Thanh Hồng (f)196921-Jun-20318Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
8Huỳnh Anh Khoa198213-Jun-20331Pre-trial detentionTemporary detention center, District 8, HCM City
9Nguyễn Đăng Thương195713-Jun-20331Pre-trial detentionTemporary detention center, District 8, HCM City
10Le Huu Minh Tuan198912-Jun-20117Pre-trial detentionChi Hoa temporary detention center, HCM City
11Tran Duc Thach195223-Apr-20109Pre-trial detentionNghe An province’s temporary detention center
12Nguyen Tuong Thuy195023-May-20117Pre-trial detentionChi Hoa temporary detention center, HCM City
13Dinh Thi Thu Thuy (f)198220-Apr-20117Pre-trial detentionHau Giang temporary detention center
14Pham Chi Thanh195221-May-20117Pre-trial detentionHoa Lo temporary detention center, Hanoi
15196419-Mar-20UnknownPre-trial detentionGia Lai province’s temporary detention center
16Lup197219-Mar-20UnknownPre-trial detentionGia Lai province’s temporary detention center
17Kưnh199219-Mar-20UnknownPre-trial detentionGia Lai province’s temporary detention center
18Đinh Quang Phú19739-Jan-20117Pre-trial detentionDak Nong temporary detention center
19Lê Đình Công19649-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
20Lê Đình Chức19809-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
21Bùi Viết Hiếu19439-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
22Nguyễn Văn Tuyến19749-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
23Lê Đình Doanh19889-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
24Nguyễn Quốc Tiến19809-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
25Nguyễn Văn Quân19809-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
26Lê Đình Uy19939-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
27Lê Đình Quang19849-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
28Bùi Thị Nối (f)19589-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
29Bùi Thị Đực (f)19579-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
30Nguyễn Thị Bét (f)19619-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
31Nguyễn Thị Lụa (f)19569-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
32Trần Thị La (f)19789-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
33Bùi Văn Tiến19799-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
34Nguyễn Văn Duệ19629-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
35Lê Đình Quân19769-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
36Bùi Văn Niên19809-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
37Bùi Văn Tuấn19919-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
38Trịnh Văn Hải19889-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
39Nguyễn Xuân Điều19529-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
40Mai Thị Phần (f)19639-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
41Đào Thị Kim (f)19839-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
42Lê Thị Loan (f)19669-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
43Nguyễn Văn Trung19889-Jan-20123Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
44Lê Đình Hiến19889-Jan-20330Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
45Bùi Viết Tiến20009-Jan-20330Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
46Nguyễn Thị Dung (f)19639-Jan-20330Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
47Trần Thị Phượng (f)19849-Jan-20330Pre-trial detentionNo. 2 temporary detention center, Hanoi
48Phạm Chí Dũng196621-Nov-19117Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
49Nguyễn Quốc Đức Vượng199123-Sep-19117Pre-trial detentionLam Dong province’s temporary detention center
50Nguyễn Văn Quang198712/O6/2018117Pre-trial detentionThanh Hoa province’s temporary detention center
51Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Hạnh (f)1976O3/9/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
52Hồ Văn CươngN/AO4/9/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
53Ngô Văn Dũng1969O4/9/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
54Đoàn Thị Hồng (f)1983O2/9/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
55Lê Quý Lộc197611/O6/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
56Hoàng Thị Thu Vang (f)1966O3/9/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
57Đỗ Thế Hoá1968O2/9/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
58Trần Thanh Phương1975O2/9/2018118Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
59Trịnh Viết Bảng195913/5/2019331Pre-trial detentionBac Ninh province’s temporary detention center
60Nguyễn Duy Sơn1981O8/5/2018331Pre-trial detentionThanh Hoa province’s temporary detention center
61Nguyễn Văn Trường1976O9/2/2018331Pre-trial detentionThai Nguyen province’s temporary detention center
62Y Pum Nie196410/O4/2018116Pre-trial detentionHCM City’s temporary detention center
63Nguyễn Bá Mạnh198720/3/2019288Pre-trial detentionBac Ninh province’s temporary detention center
64Đoàn Viết Hoan198425/4/20191183Dong Nai province’s temporary detention center
65Nguyễn Đình Khue197825/4/20191182.5Dong Nai province’s temporary detention center
66Võ Thường Trung197725/4/20191183Dong Nai province’s temporary detention center
67Ngô Xuân Thành197025/4/20191182.5Dong Nai province’s temporary detention center
68Trương Hữu Lộc196311/O6/20181188Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
69Chau Van Kham194913/1/201911312Thu Duc prison camp in Binh Thuan province
70Nguyễn Văn Viễn197113/1/201911311HCM City’s temporary detention center
71Trần Văn Quyến199923/1/201911310HCM City’s temporary detention center
72Nguyễn Văn Nghiêm19635-Nov-191176Hoa Binh temporary detention center
73Phan Công Hải199619-Nov-191175Nghe An province’s temporary detention center
74Lê Văn Phương199026-Oct-181177Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
75Trần Thanh Giang197123/4/20191178An Giang province’s temporary detention center
76Huỳnh Minh Tâm197826/1/20191179Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
77Huỳnh Thị Tố Nga (f)198328/1/20191175An Phuoc Prison camp in Binh Duong
78Nguyễn Chí Vững198123/4/20191176Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
79Phạm Văn Điệp196529/6/20191179Thanh Hoa province’s temporary detention center
80Nguyễn Năng Tĩnh197629/5/201911711Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa province
81Nguyễn Văn Phước197910/12/2O181175An Giang province’s temporary detention center
82Nguyễn Ngọc Ánh198030/O8/20181176Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai (K2)
83Huỳnh Trương Ca1971O4/9/20181175.5Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai (K2)
84Dương Thị Lanh (f)198328/1/20191178Dac Nong province’s temporary detention center
85Huỳnh Đắc Tuý197622/2/20191176Quang Ngai province’s temporary detention center
86Nguyễn Văn Công Em197128/2/20191175Ben Tre province’s temporary detention center
87Vũ Thị Dung (f)196513/10/20181176Dong Nai province’s temporary detention center
88Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Sương (f)196813/10/20181175Dong Nai province’s temporary detention center
89Nguyễn Đình Thành1991O8/6/20181177Binh Duong province’s temporary detention center
90Nguyễn Viết Dũng197627/9/2017886Ba Sao Prison camp in Ha Nam
91Trần Hoàng Phúc199429-Jun-17886An Phuoc Prison camp in Binh Duong
92Vũ Quang Thuận1966O2/3/2017888Ba Sao Prison camp in Ha Nam
93Nguyễn Văn Điển1980O2/3/2017886.5Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
94Phan Kim Khánh198321/3/2017886Ba Sao Prison camp in Ha Nam
95Nguyễn Văn Hoá199511/O1/2017887An Diem Prison camp in Quang Nam
96Hồ Văn Hải1957O2/11/2016884HCM City’s temporary detention center
97Bùi Hiếu Võ1962O3/2017884.5Unknown
98Trương Thị Thu Hằng (f)198416/O2/2017884Unknown
99Pham Long Dai199616/O2/2017886Unknown
100Doan Thi Bich Thuy (f)197216/O2/2017885Unknown
101Huỳnh Thị Kim Quyên (f)197930/O4/2017884Unknown
102Nguyễn Tấn An199230/O4/2017885Unknown
103Nguyễn Ngọc Quy199230/O4/2017884Unknown
104Tạ Tấn Lộc197516/O2/20177914Unknown
105Nguyen Quang Thanh198316/O2/20177914Unknown
106Nguyễn Văn Nghĩa197716/O2/20177912Unknown
107Nguyen Van Tuan198416/O2/20177912Unknown
108Trần Long Phi1996O7/7/20181098HCM City’s temporary detention center
109Huỳnh Đức Thanh Bình1996O7/7/201810910Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai
110Michael Minh Phuong NguyenO7/7/201810912Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai
111Từ Công Nghĩa1993O5/11/201679 (109)10Xuyen Moc Prison camop in Ba Ria-Vung Tau
112Phan Trung1976O5/11/201679 (109)8Bo La Prison camp in Binh Duong
113Nguyễn Quốc Hoàn1977O5/11/201679 (109)13Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai
114Nguyễn Văn Đức Độ1975O5/11/201679 (109)11Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai
115Lưu Văn Vịnh1967O5/11/201679 (109)15Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
116Lê Đình Lượng196524/7/201779 (109)20Trại giam Ba Sao (Hà Nam)
117Nguyễn Văn Túc1974O1/9/201779 (109)13Prison camp No. 6 in Nghe An
118Nguyễn Trung Trực1963O4/8/201779 (109)12Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
119Nguyễn Trung Tôn197130/7/201779 (109)12Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
120Trương Minh Đức196030/7/201779 (109)12Prison camp No. 6 in Nghe An
121Phạm Văn Trội197230/7/201779 (109)7Ba Sao Prison camp in Ha Nam
122Nguyễn Bắc Truyển196830/7/201779 (109)11An Diem Prison camp in Quang Nam
123Trần Thị Xuân (f)197617/10/201779 (109)9Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
124Huỳnh Hữu Đạt1970O1/2/201779 (109)13Unknown
125Trần Huỳnh Duy Thức196624/5/200979 (109)16Prison camp No. 6 in Nghe An
126Lê Thanh Tùng196815/12/201579 (109)12Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
127Trần Anh Kim194921/9/201579 (109)13Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
128Hồ Đức Hoà1974O2/8/201179 (109)13Trại giam Ba Sao (Hà Nam)
129Phạm Thị Phượng (f)1945O4/201079 (109)11An Phuoc Prison camp in Binh Duong
130Phan Văn Thu1948O5/2/201279 (109)Life imprisonmentAn Phuoc Prison camp in Binh Duong
131Lê Xuân Phúc1951O5/2/201279 (109)15Trại giam Xuyên Mộc, Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu
132Le Trong Cu1966O5/2/201279 (109)12Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
133Lê Duy Lộc195615/O2/201279 (109)12Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
134Nguyen Ky Lac1956O6/2/201279 (109)12Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai
135Đỗ Thị Hồng (f)195714/O2/201279 (109)13Binh Phuoc Prison camp
136Tạ Khu1947O6/2/201279 (109)16Xuyen Moc Prison camop in Ba Ria-Vung Tau
137Trần Phi Dũng198410/O2/201279 (109)13Prison camp No. 6 in Nghe An
138Trần Quân196610/O2/201279 (109)13An Diem Prison camp in Quang Nam
139Vo Ngoc Cu1951O6/2/201279 (109)16Xuyen Moc Prison camop in Ba Ria-Vung Tau
140Vo Thanh Le1955O5/2/201279 (109)16Xuyen Moc Prison camop in Ba Ria-Vung Tau
141Võ Tiết1952O5/2/201279 (109)16Prison camp No. 6 in Nghe An
142Vương Tân Sơn195310/O2/201279 (109)17Xuyen Moc Prison camop in Ba Ria-Vung Tau
143Doan Van Cu196210/O2/201279 (109)14Prison camp No. 5 in Thanh Hoa
144Lê Đức Đồng1983O5/2/201279 (109)12An Diem Prison camp in Quang Nam
145Lương Nhật Quang1987O3/201279 (109)12Prison camp No. 6 in Nghe An
146Phan Thanh Tường198728/O2/201279 (109)10Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai
147Nguyen Dinh1968Không rõ79 (109)14Unknown
148Nguyễn Thái Bình198623/11/201279 (109)12Unknown
149Phan Thanh Y194823/11/201279 (109)12Xuyen Moc Prison camop in Ba Ria-Vung Tau
150Tu Thien Luong195023/11/201279 (109)16An Diem Prison camp in Quang Nam
151Hà Hải Ninh198810-Jul-05109UnknownQuang Ninh province’s temporary detention center
152Ma Phung Ngoc Phu (f)199210-Apr-203310.75Ninh Kieu district’s temporary detention center
153Chung Hoàng Chương19771-Jan-203311.5Ninh Kieu district’s temporary detention center
154Nguyễn Thị Huệ (f)19682-Mar-193312.5Gia Lai province’s temporary detention center
155Đỗ Công Đương196424/1/2018318, 3319Prison camp No. 6 in Nghe An
156Hoàng Đức Bình198315/5/2017330, 33114An Diem Prison camp in Quang Nam
157Nguyễn Văn Thiên1961Không rõ2584Unknown
158Đoàn Khánh Vinh Quang19761O/6/20183312.25Can Tho City’s temporary detention center
159Bùi Mạnh Đồng1978O9/20183312.5Can Tho City’s temporary detention center
160Lê Minh Thể196310/1O/20183312Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
161Lê Văn Sinh1965O2/20193315Ninh Binh province’s temporary detention center
162Pastor Y Yich196913/5/201346, 49 and 8712Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
163A Gyun1980Unknown876Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
164A Tik1952Unknown878Unknown
165Dinh Ku1972Unknown877Unknown
166A Thin1979Unknown876Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
167A Ngo1998Unknown877Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
168A Yen1984Unknown879Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
169Y Hriam Kpa197630/7/2015876.5Dak Tan Prison camp in Dak Lak
170Y Lao Mlo1987Unknown878Unknown
171A Quyn1973Unknown879.5Unknown
172Pastor A Byo1967Unknown874Unknown
173Y Drim Nie197929/1O/2012878Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
174Rah Lan Hip1981Unknown1167Unknown
175A Tach (aka Ba Hloi)1959Unknown8711Unknown
176Y Yem Hwing197229/1O/2012878Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
177A Chi1983Unknown877Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
178A Hung1980Unknown878Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
179A Ly1979Unknown877Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
180Run1971Unknown879Unknown
181A Yum (aka Balk)1940Unknown878Unknown
182 Buyk/Byuk1945Unknown878Unknown
183Buyk1963Unknown879Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
184John “Chinh”1952Unknown8710Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
185A Hyum, (aka Ba Kol)1940Unknown878Unknown
186Siu Thai (aka Ama Thuong)1978Unknown8710Unknown
187Kpuil LeN/AUnknown878Unknown
188Kpuil MelN/AUnknown879Unknown
189Kpa Sinh1959Unknown878Unknown
190Rah Lan Blom1976Unknown879Unknown
191Rah Lan Mlih1966Unknown879Unknown
192Ro Mah Klit1946Unknown878Unknown
193Siu Brom1967Unknown8710Unknown
194Siu Hlom1967Unknown8712Unknown
195Ro Mah Pro1964Unknown878Unknown
196Rmah Hlach (aka Ama Blut)1968Unknown8723Unknown
197Siu Koch (aka Ama Lien)1985Unknown879Unknown
198Noh1959Unknown8712Unknown
199Ro Lan Ju (aka Ama Suit)1968Unknown879Unknown
200Siu Ben (aka Ama Yon)Unknown8712Unknown
201Kpa Binh1976Unknown879Unknown
202Rmah Pro1964Unknown87UnknownUnknown
203Nhi (aka Ba Tiem)1958Unknown8710Unknown
204Pinh1967Unknown879Unknown
205Roh1962Unknown8710Unknown
206Y Bhom Kdoh1965O8/10/2012878Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
207Y Chon Nie196829/1O/2012878Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
208Ksor Ruk197530/1O/20188710Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
209Romah DaihO8/7/20058710Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
210Kpuih BopO8/7/2005879Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
211Thao A Vang1986Unknown8720Na Tau Prison camp in Dien Bien
212Vang A Phu1977Unknown8720Na Tau Prison camp in Dien Bien
213Vang A Phu1988Unknown8720Na Tau Prison camp in Dien Bien
214Vang A De1990Unknown8720Na Tau Prison camp in Dien Bien
215Thao A Vang1962Unknown8718Na Tau Prison camp in Dien Bien
216Phang A Vang1988Unknown8718Na Tau Prison camp in Dien Bien
217Lê Thị Hồng Hạnh (f)197913/11/20172453Unknown
218Bùi Văn Trung196426/6/20172456An Phuoc Prison camp in Binh Duong
219Bùi Văn Thắm198726/6/2017245, 2476Xuyen Moc Prison camop in Ba Ria-Vung Tau
220Nguyễn Hoàng Nam198226/6/20172454Xuan Loc Prison camp in Dong Nai
221Đặng Thị Huệ (f)198116/10/20193183.5Soc Son temporary detention
222Bùi Mạnh Tiến16/10/20193181.25Soc Son temporary detention
223Hà Văn Nam19815-Mar-193182.5Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
224Nguyễn Quỳnh Phong19855-Mar-193183Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
225Lê Văn Khiển19905-Mar-193182.5Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
226Nguyễn Tuấn Quân19845-Mar-193182Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
227Vũ Văn Hà19905-Mar-193182Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
228Ngô Quang Hùng19935-Mar-193182Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
229Trần Quang Hải19915-Mar-193181.5Bac Lieu province’s temporary detention center
230Trần Thị Tiến (f)1960O3/8/20173183Unknown
231Trần Thị Ngọc (f)1961O3/8/20173183.5Unknown
232Nguyễn Văn Minh19661O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
233Nguyễn Văn Hùng19921O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
234Nguyễn Phương Đông19941O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
235Nguyễn Văn Mạnh19941O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
236Phạm Văn Sang20021O/6/20183183.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
237Đỗ Văn Ngọc19961O/6/20183183.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
238Ngô Văn Đạt19891O/6/20183183Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
239Nguyễn Chương19951O/6/20183183Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
240Ngô Đức Duyên19981O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
241Phạm Thanh Nam19901O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
242Lê Văn Liêm19961O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
243Nguyễn Ngọc Sang19961O/6/20183182.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
244Đặng Văn Tuấn19851O/6/20183182.25Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
245Bùi Thanh Tú19901O/6/20183185Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
246Nguyễn Văn Tiến19981O/6/20183184.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
247Nguyễn Văn Thuận19991O/6/20183184Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
248Nguyễn Ngọc Bình19921O/6/20183184Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
249Nguyen Van Tan19901O/6/20183184Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
250Đỗ Văn Thắng19991O/6/20183184Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
251Nguyễn Tấn Vũ20001O/6/20183183.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
252Ho Van Tam19891O/6/20183183.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
253Nguyen Van Hung19951O/6/20183183.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
254Nguyễn Văn Hiếu19981O/6/20183183.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
255Trần Văn Xi19951O/6/20183183.5Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
256Ngô Đức Thuận20001O/6/20183183Binh Thuan province’s temporary detention center
257Nguyễn Văn Tuấn19881O/6/20183183Unknown
258Lê Trọng Nghĩa19871O/6/20183182.25HCM City’s temporary detention center
259Phạm Thị Thu Thuỷ (f)19741O/6/20183182.5HCM City’s temporary detention center
260Võ Văn Trụ19821O/6/20183182.5HCM City’s temporary detention center
261Huỳnh Thục Vy19852762.75HCM City’s temporary detention center
262Trần Đình Sang1980O9/4/20193302Yen Bai province’s temporary detention center
263Nguyễn Quang TuyO9/2/20193302Hung Nguyen district detention center
264Nguyễn Văn Oai198119/1/2017257, 3045Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
265Mục sư A Đảo8118/8/2018918Gia Trung Prison camp in Gia Lai
266Trần Minh Lợi1968Unknown2906Unknown
267Nguyễn Văn Hữu1957UnknownUnknown6Unknown
268Dieu Bre1969UnknownUnknown4.5Unknown
269A Gron1943UnknownUnknown8Unknown
270Dinh Ngo1987UnknownUnknown7.5Unknown
271Pastor Runh1979UnknownUnknown10Unknown
272Pastor Y Muk Nie1968UnknownUnknown9Unknown
273Pastor Siu Nheo1955UnknownUnknown10Unknown
274Y Ty Ksor1989UnknownUnknown14Unknown
275Siu Bler1962UnknownUnknown17Unknown
276Y Kur Bdap1971UnknownUnknown17Unknown

Appendix 2: List of released PoCs in Jan-June

No.NameDOBDay of arrestCharge(s)Day of Release
1Quách Nguyễn Anh Khoa3310.5
2Pastor Y Ngun Knul196829/O4/2004871829-Apr-20
3Huỳnh Đức Thịnh1952O8/7/20183901
4Ngô Hào1948O2/201379 (109)15
5Phạm Thị Bích Ngọc (f)199416/O2/2017883Februảy 2020
6Pham Van Trong199430/O4/201788330-Apr-20
7Nguyen Thanh Binh199430/O4/201788330-Apr-20
8Phạm Xuân Hào19653311
9Nguyễn Văn Nghĩa19891O/6/2018318210-Jun-20
10Nguyễn Đình Vũ19771O/6/20183182 năm10-Jun-20
11Trần Thị Ngọc19681O/6/20183182 năm10-Jun-20
12Nguyen Van Meo19701O/6/2018318210-Jun-20
13Nguyen Minh Kha20001O/6/2018318210-Jun-20
14Trương Ngọc Hiền19971O/6/2018318210-Jun-20
15Venerable Thach Thuol198520/5/2013916May-20